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Science Fiction Pulp: A Primer

By Robert P. Fitton

Forrest J. Ackerman coined the word "sci-fi".

Johannas Kepler
Johannas Kepler 1571-1630
Books about Kepler
Max Caspar
John Banville
Arthur Koestler
Bruce Stephenson


Java Depiction of Kepler's Laws of
Planetary Motion

Sci-Fi From Kepler: 400 years ago

Centuries before Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, Edgar Rice Burroughs, H.G. Wells, and Jules Verne, Johannes Kepler unlocked the secrets of planetary motion but he also wrote a short work, The Somnium , a sixteenth century story about going to the moon. His mother's occult powers enabled travel to find life on the moon. The tale was published posthumously in 1634.

Consider Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, published in 1726, as science fiction, and even Voltaire dreamed of a voyage to the lunar surface in 1752 .(Micromegas) And who are Fitz-James O'Brien and H. Rider Haggard? And Karel Capek...

And now a history of pulp

Turn of the 20th Century...

Advances in printing provided papers and magazines an inexpensive, wide distribution. In February- August, 1897, Frank Munsey's The Argosy contained science fiction story: A. Laurie's " A Month in the Moon."

The science fiction genre truly accelerated in the mass marketed, twentieth century drugstore pulp magazines. Edgar Rice Burroughs' stories appeared in a 1911 magazine, The All-Story.

Tarzan
Tarzan before the Movies

Enter the new generation of authors in the pulp magazines: Science and Invention, initiated by Hugo Gernsback in August 1923. J.C. Henneberger in 1923 published Weird Tales--The Unique Magazine. Old Jules Verne and H.G. Wells material was encapsulated in this magazine as well as Edgar Rice Burroughs's stories. In 1926 Gernsback called his Amazing Stories an example of scientification. Air Wonder Stories was also Gernsback's creations in 1929. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, founded in 1930 became Astounding Science Fiction in 1938 and editor John W. Campbell upgraded story content. A cult movement was afoot: fandom ... fanzines ...conventions ...

Amazing Stories, 1926 Wierd Tales, March, 1923 Astounding Stories, 1930's
Hugo Gernsback's Amazing Stories, 1926 Wierd Tales
March, 1923
Astounding in the 1930's

Dateline 1930's:
Science Wonder Stories
Hugo Gernsback, editor, coins the words:

Science Fiction:
fictional stories with scientific theories that explains known phenomenon or predicts new phenomenon.

The established writers shun the pulp arena. Welcome writers Lloyd Arthur Eshbach, Frank Kelly and Isaac Asimov, seventeen year old editor, Charlie Horning, and nineteen year old editor, Frederik Pohl.

Air Wonder Stories, November 1929
Wonder Stories, October, 1931
November 1929:
"Cities in the Air" by Edmond Hamilton
Cover by Frank R. Paul
October, 1931:
Gernsback's Stellar Publishing Corporation
Cover by Frank R. Paul

Does the 86th floor of the Empire State Building mean anything to you? How about the HIDALGO TRADING COMPANY and the Flea Run? No, you say? Then join the wild adventure as Doc Savage stomps out evil doers! This is the 1930's and 40's! Harrison Ford where are you?

Doc Savage, March 1933
March 1933-August 1949: Doc Savage Magazines

Mid 20th Century Pulp:

The pulp genre evolves; emphasizing human values with a ironic twist to stalwart science fiction and new ideas emerge.
Planet Stories, Spring '44
Astounding Science Fiction, November, 1952
Startlng Stories, January, 1940
Spring '44
The Monster Maker
Ray Bradbury
November, 1952 January, 1940
Galaxy Science Fiction, October, 1950 Thrilling Wonder Stories, October, 1951
October, 1950 October, 1951

Fantasy and Science Fiction featured Stephen King's Dark Tower and a billboard of other classics.

Fantasy and Science Fiction, Founded in 1949
Founded in 1949

Fantasy and Science Fiction Contributors

Richard Matheson - "Born of Man & Woman" (1950)
Alfred Bester - "Fondly Fahrenheit" (1954)
Damon Knight - "The Country of the Kind" (1954)
Shirley Jackson - "One Ordinary Day, With Peanuts" (1955)
Walter M. Miller - "A Canticle for Leibowitz" (1955)
Robert Bloch - "That Hellbound Train" (1958; Hugo Award)
Daniel Keyes - "Flowers for Algernon" (1959; Hugo Award)
Robert A. Heinlein - "All You Zombies --" (1959)
Robert A. Heinlein - Starship Troopers (as "Starship Soldier") (1959; Hugo Award)

Analog continues in pulp and has an on-line edition.

Analog, January, 1963
January, 1963 (Astounding evolves)

Isaac Asimov penned more than 500 books. Did we really need an Asimov magazine in the late 1970's? Of course ... Asimov brought fresh ideas, poetry, illustrations, and cartoons into his monthly magazine. And authors: Ursula K. Le Guin, Robert Silverberg, Nancy Kress, Bruce Sterling, Connie Willis, William Gibson, Pat Cadigan, Michael Swanwick, Joe Haldeman, Harry Turtledove, Lucius Shepard, Mary Rosenblum, Greg Egan, James Patrick Kelly, Brian W. Aldiss, Orson Scott Card, Karen Joy Fowler, Frederik Pohl, Kate Wilhelm, Harlan Ellison, Kristine Kathryn Rusch, Brian Stableford, Gregory Benford, Janet Kagan, Isaac Asimov himself. Book reviews and critical essays by Norman Spinrad, Paul Di Filippo, and Peter Heck.

Isaasc Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Spring, 1977
Spring, 1977

Digital Pulp... the 21st Century

The journey from Kepler continues into an electronic, ethereal universe of bits and bytes.

Dark Planet
Strange Horizons Quantum Muse
Dargon Zine Aphelions
Planet Magazine

More Science Fiction/Fantasy/Horror Magazines

What will the future offer? I dare say in the world of science fiction and fantasy the next step will be as significant as the Internet leap. We will be reading, participating and perceiving in realms we cannot even imagine. Enjoy the ride.

PS: I don't want to leave Homer out of this......


About the Author

Robert P. FuttonRobert P. Fitton grew up amidst the less complicated life of a small Massachusetts town in the 1950's and 60's. He was raised by his parents with an appreciation of local, family, and American history. His summers were spent in his neighborhood and town, often competing in baseball and other sports, cast within the values of changing small town America. With television's increasing influence, Fitton reveled in the 1960's Star Trek and The Twilight Zone. On cold winter nights he pointed his telescope skyward and dreamed of traveling to the stars or back through time.

Fitton graduated from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst with a degree in American Studies. Within a year of graduation he began writing science fiction novels, fortified by his youthful dreams and influences. He built a career in outside sales, but continued writing in his free time.

With the advent of personal computers, Fitton retired his typewriter and dramatically increased his volume on computer disc. The Fitton Chronicles is the ongoing accumulation of that effort. Fitton compressed his writing time in the pre-dawn hours, adding the mystery, fantasy, thriller, and pop novel genres to his work, while defining his style by attending writing conferences and seminars. He refined his writing technique and studied with science fiction icon, Orson Scott Card, mystery writer, Sally Gunning, and Murder, She Wrote, producer/writer, Tom Sawyer.

In 2001, Fitton became the original Internet Author by building his own web site and selling his books directly to the public. Fitton books have been sold worldwide from China to Venezuela, Sweden to Indonesia.

Not surprisingly, Fitton resides in a New England village. He maintains a jogging schedule, often under the stars by winter, and a warm weather biking routine in summer. His writing continues with a number of series books and new works posted on the Fitton Chronicles.

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